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These inventions concerns applications for lowering or increasing the turbulence or the flow resistance on objects.
 

	The following are specified here:
	1. The positive sharkskin surface profile or the negative sharkskin surface profile,               2. The positive Lotus effect surface profile or the negative Lotus effect surface profile                   3. The positive octopus compression suction cup surface profile or the negative octopus compression suction cup surface profile

These three surface profile types may be mounted on objects individually or in combination to one another as desired. Mounting solar cells on objects as desired is also of benefit for generating energy.

Figure 1

These pictures depict a model of positive sharkskin serving to reduce the flow resistance for the following technical applications or examples. Positive sharkskin produces a negative sharkskin with regard to the technical surface profile. The negative sharkskin is suited for reducing or increasing flow turbulence. While implementing positive sharkskin to decrease flow resistance a value of 3 to 18% can be attained. The negative sharkskin produces an increase or decrease in flow turbulence amounting to 2 to 18% on objects.

Figure 2

Figure 2 provides several illustrations of the positive lotus effect. The lotus effect (a surface resistant to collecting dirt) is based on hydrophobic tabular surfaces, which practically repel water and dirt particles. The positive lotus effect is suited best for reducing the flow resistance of objects located in water and for influencing flow turbulence, i.e. of turbine blades or turbine propellers of all types. In this respect a decrease of flow resistance by 2 to 8% has been attained on objects. The positive lotus effect as technical surface profile also produces a negative lotus effect. The negative lotus effect produces a favorable enhancement of flow turbulence and at the same time a turbulence harmonization, i.e. on the inside of turbines or all types of turbine vanes. In this regard an enhancement of flow turbulence amounting to 2 to 7% has been attained on objects.

The described negative lotus effect can also be implemented as additive in adhesives, bands, films of all types or in primary coats. The adherence, in other words the cohesion of the glued joints, increases in this case by approx. 8 to 15%, while in primary coats by approx. 4 to 12%.
 

The individual implementation of a surface profile or the combination of these surface profiles in an object, for instance as positive sharkskin surface with additional coating of a positive lotus effect surface profile has the following effect as according to the invention for:

Turbines, turbine propellers, turbine vanes, energy mills, rotors for wind energy, piping systems.

The Figures A and B depict several turbine-based propulsion systems equipped with propellers and the inside of turbines with vanes. While the front side of these propellers can be designed with a positive sharkskin surface, the back side can be coated with a negative sharkskin surface. By reducing resistance as a result of implementing positive sharkskin the increased air intake of the turbine propeller (fan) is directed into the inside of the turbine. The alternative implementation of positive and negative sharkskin on the turbine propellers thus ensures a higher turbine inner pressure. This also is true for the turbine wheels arranged in the turbine, thus resulting in an increased thrust amounting to approx. 3 to 7% for turbines. Increasing the energy yield by 3 to 7% while maintaining a constant kerosene consumption and reducing noise of up to approx. 21% thus create desirable environmentally responsible conditions. The alternative implementation of positive and negative compression suction cup surface profile also produces a thrust increase of 2 to 7%.
 

Fig. C

 

The same surface profiles as according to the invention can also be implemented for propellers or rotors of helicopters of all types or even marine screw propellers.

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